human reproduction class 12 Summary chapter 3

Human Reproduction - Class 12 Summary:

Male Reproductive System:

Testes: Produce sperm through spermatogenesis.

Epididymis: Stores and matures sperm.

Vas Deferens: Transports sperm to the urethra.

Female Reproductive System:

Ovaries: Produce eggs through oogenesis.

Fallopian Tubes: Site of fertilization.

Uterus: Site for embryo implantation and fetal development.

Vagina: Birth canal and copulatory organ.

Gametogenesis:

Spermatogenesis in males produces sperm.

Oogenesis in females produces eggs (ova).

Menstrual Cycle:

Phases: Menstrual, Proliferative, Ovulatory, and Secretory.

Hormonal regulation: FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.

Fertilization:

Fusion of sperm and egg in the fallopian tube.

Zygote formation.

Embryonic Development:

Cleavage, blastula formation, and gastrulation.

Formation of germ layers.

Placenta:

Organ connecting mother and embryo, providing nutrients and waste exchange.

Pregnancy and Parturition:

Hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Parturition involves uterine contractions leading to childbirth.

Reproductive Health:

Importance of contraception and family planning.

Infertility causes and treatments.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs):

Examples: HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea.

Prevention and awareness.

Population Control Methods:

Birth control measures to regulate population growth.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):