Biological classification ncert neet summary chapter 2

 

Biological classification class 11 summary 

Biological Classification - Class 11 Summary:

Introduction:

Classification is the systematic arrangement of organisms into hierarchical groups based on similarities and evolutionary relationships.

Five Kingdom Classification:

Proposed by R.H. Whittaker.

Five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Monera:

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms.

Examples: Bacteria and Cyanobacteria.

Protista:

Eukaryotic, mostly unicellular organisms.

Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, and Algae.

Fungi:

Eukaryotic, non-motile organisms.

Examples: Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Plantae:

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with cell walls.

Examples: Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

Animalia:

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls.

Examples: Insects, fishes, mammals, and birds.

Viruses:

Not classified under any kingdom.

Acellular entities that need a host for replication.

Basis of Classification:

Morphology, anatomy, reproduction, genetic makeup, ecological roles, and evolutionary relationships.

Binomial Nomenclature:

Developed by Carl Linnaeus.

Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name (Genus species).

Taxonomic Hierarchy:

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Tools for Classification:

Molecular techniques, biochemical tests, and advancements in genomics.

Three-Domain System:

Proposed by Carl Woese.

Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.